Understanding Endometriosis

By Angela Marshall, MD

By Angela Marshall

It may have a funny sounding name but there is nothing humorous about endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside the uterus. It is one of the most common gynecological diseases, and its primary symptoms include pain and infertility.

The exact cause of the condition is not known. Researchers believe it may be caused by an abnormal menstrual flow, genetics, a hormonal disruption or an immune system dysfunction. There is even a theory that endometriosis is caused by early environmental exposures while in the womb.

Regardless of the cause or possible combination of causes, an estimated 6% to 11% of women of childbearing age in the United States have endometriosis.

There is currently no cure for the condition, but there are treatments for endometriosis-related pain and infertility. A health care provider will consider several factors when determining the best treatment for endometriosis symptoms, including a woman's age, severity of the symptoms and disease, and whether or not a women wishes to have a child.

It is also important to note that not all treatments work well for all women with endometriosis. Similarly, there is always the chance that symptoms may return after the treatment is stopped or, in the case of surgery, as more time passes after the treatment. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, most women can control the pain and help avoid infertility.

That's why it's important to seek treatment if you suspect you may have endometriosis. Keeping a record of your symptoms (including how often they occur, when they occur, the severity of the symptoms, and if anything makes seems to make the symptoms better or worse) can aid your doctor in your diagnosis.

Common signs and symptoms of endometriosis may include

Pelvic pain and cramping that may begin before and extend several days into the menstrual cycle and may include lower back and abdominal pain.

Pain during or after sex is common with endometriosis.

Pain with bowel movements or urination.

Occasional heavy periods or bleeding between periods.

Other possible signs and symptoms may include fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual periods.

It is important for a woman to see a doctor if she has signs and symptoms that may indicate endometriosis. The cause of chronic or severe pelvic pain may be difficult to pinpoint immediately; however, by discovering the problem early it may help avoid unnecessary complications and pain.