Knee replacement surgery after cancer treatment: A complete guide

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Knee replacement surgery after cancer treatment: A complete guide

It is a hard fact that cancer not only brings physical discomfort but also the stress of aggressive treatments, as well as the anxiety of survival. With the recent progress in early diagnostics and treatment, millions of people today have survived cancer and live for many years after their disease. 

However, the troubles of a cancer survivor may not end at this point. Many patients develop certain side effects due to their treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy or surgery. Among these knee joint issues are notable.  In some cases, the reason for these problems could be other than cancer. 

But in the majority, knee problems are a consequence of cancer treatment. If medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes do not help to cope with the pain, knee replacement may be prescribed. If you are a cancer survivor who is going to undergo knee replacement, you will probably want to know whether this surgery is safe for you. 

Moreover, whether it is the right time to undergo the procedure, and what impact your previous treatment had on your body. This article is going to explain all about the knee replacement surgery after cancer treatment, including safety, success and long-term effects.

Why might cancer survivors need knee replacement?

Not all joint problems experienced by cancer survivors are necessarily associated with their disease. In many cases, the condition occurs due to the same risk factors as in the general population. These could be

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is still the most frequent cause of knee replacement procedures. The aging process causes gradual damage to the cartilage, which results in painful and limited joint movement. Cancer patients are not exempt from this condition. In addition, a weaker body as a consequence of aggressive cancer treatment is more likely to reach the severe stage of osteoarthritis. Hence, knee replacement could be left as the last option.

Treatment-related joint damage

Some cancer treatments could be potentially harmful to one’s knee joint and bones.

According to studies, chemotherapy medications, as well as hormone treatment for breast and prostate cancer, could lead to joint stiffness, muscle weakening, or faster wear and tear of joints. Some patients may continue experiencing knee pain even several years after treatment is completed.

Radiation Therapy

Sometimes radiation therapy may affect the bone, muscles, tendons, and soft tissues around it. These effects will probably not be felt immediately, but can contribute to knee joint issues in the long run.

Avascular Necrosis

Corticosteroids are sometimes given to cancer patients to help with inflammation and side effects associated with treatment. In some cases, long-term use of steroids could lead to avascular necrosis. It refers to decreased blood supply to the bones making cells to die. As a result of joint collapse, surgical knee replacement becomes the best solution.

Bone Cancers or Metastasis

If a patient has bone cancer or cancer that has spread to the bones,  certain reconstructive surgeries may be necessary after removal of the tumor. With advanced orthopedic oncology, knee replacement with specific implants helps many people keep their limbs functional.

Is knee replacement surgery safe after cancer treatment?

In most cases, knee replacement surgery can be both safe and effective for cancer survivors. However, timing is crucial here.  For a safer surgery, it is necessary to ensure 

• Cancer treatment is over 
• You have restored normal blood counts.
• Your immunity has fully recovered.
• There is no active infection.
• Your nutrition status is up to the mark.
• It has been taken into account whether you need further surveillance for cancer.

Each case is individual. Some patients will be able to go through surgery a few months after cancer treatment, while others may require more time.

Benefits of Knee Replacement Surgery for Cancer Patients

Knee replacement surgery after cancer treatment is highly beneficial regarding pain relief and restoration of patients’ mobility. These benefits can be listed as following

• Considerable relief from joint pains
• Walking becomes easier
• Better quality of sleep due to the ease of pain
• Increased independence in day-to-day activities
• Physical fitness improves
•  psychological health enhances
• Improvement in the quality of life

It usually enables the survivors to go back to their pastimes, workouts, traveling and increased social interaction.

Special Considerations

Although the results of the procedure are normally great, some problems can arise that necessitate some other preparations in case of cancer patients.

Increased Risk of Infections

Some types of cancer treatments affect the body’s immunity, making a person more susceptible to infections. This factor needs attention when performing knee replacement procedures because an infection of the knee joint is dangerous.

Delayed Wound Healing

Prior to orthopedic surgery, your doctor should check the level of wound healing ability in case you had undergone radiation or chemotherapy before.

Bone Density Problems

Certain cancer treatments cause conditions such as osteoporosis or a decrease in bone density. In order to ensure the proper support of an artificial joint, strong bones are necessary.

Blood Clots

The development of blood clots is possible due to both cancer and knee replacement surgery. Therefore, preventive measures are necessary to minimize the risk. 

Nutrition

Patients often lose weight after the treatment of cancer or become nutrient-deficient. Before surgery, you must resolve the issue to ensure proper healing.

Knee replacement cost

The economic factor is also critical. After long and costly treatment of cancer, knee replacement cost could be a matter of concern. Thus, some patients may want it in a delay. However, in severe need of surgery, delay could increase the complications.

Tips for successful recovery

Recovering from knee replacement surgery after cancer treatment is a little bit demanding. The following strategies could greatly help in this regard.

• Follow your physical therapy schedule regularly.
• Take your medicines according to their prescribed dosage.
• Have a well-balanced diet consisting of protein, vitamins, and minerals.
• Be hydrated.
• Do not use any tobacco products.
• Report signs of infection to the physician.
• Go for all the scheduled follow-ups.

Closing words

In the end, cancer survivorship involves not only recovery from the disease but also getting back health, autonomy, and a high quality of life. For those patients who survived cancer but suffer from chronic arthritis or joint damage, knee replacement is a perfectly safe and effective solution for getting mobility back.

Knee replacement surgery after cancer treatment might necessitate a special approach and a careful assessment. But it doesn’t mean that you are unable to have the procedure. Current surgical procedures, innovative implants, and coordinated efforts of orthopedic specialists and oncologists guarantee a maximum success rate and safety of the operation. With correct preparation, professional surgical treatment, and a rehabilitation program, you can enjoy an active lifestyle again.