A-B-C-D-E's Of Skin Cancer

By Syed Amiry, DO

Reston Dermatology & Cosmetic Center

. http://www.restondermatology.com/

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A-B-C-D-E's Of Skin Cancer

Every hour someone dies from skin cancer, yet almost all such deaths are preventable. Skin cancer occurs when malignant cells are found in the outer skin layers particularly sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, hands, and arms. Many lesions can be detected and treated at a precancerous stage if detected early. Up to 90 percent of all skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.

There are three types of skin cancer basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common. Lesions appear as small, pearl-colored bumps which increase in size over time and may bleed. More often they are found on the face. Basal cell carcinoma rarely results in death and is easily treated once detected.

Squamous cell carcinoma develops on sun-damaged skin and could result from actinic keratosis or red, scaly, raised patches. It is the most common form of non-melanoma cancer that can spread. Treatment is usually surgical or with radiation therapy.

Melanoma is deadly and the risk increases with age. Lesions appear flat or raised, irregular in shape with multiple shades of brown, black, and even white. Melanoma can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or blood.

The most frequent warning sign of skin cancer is a change in the appearance of the skin, such as a new growth, a sore that will not heal, a mole that has begun to grow, change color, bleed, and/or itch. Any of these unexplained changes lasting longer than two weeks should be evaluated. A useful guide to preventing skin cancer is knowing your A-B-C-D-E's

A is for Asymmetry. Common moles are round and symmetrical but most melanomas are asymmetrical.

B is for Border Irregularity. The borders of early melanomas are often uneven and may have scalloped or notched edges. Common moles have smoother, more even borders.

C is for Color Variability. Varied shades of brown, tan, or black are often the first sign of melanoma. As melanomas progress, the colors red, white, and blue may appear. Common moles are a single shade of brown.

D is for Diameter. Early melanomas tend to grow larger than common moles. Typically they are larger than the size of a pencil eraser, though they may also be smaller.

E is for Evolving. Be aware of any changes in size, shape, color, or elevation. Also, note if any bleeding, itching, or crusting is present.

For everyone who is at risk of developing skin cancer, early detection by skin self-examination and regular skin checks by your physician are recommended by the American Cancer Society for men and women beginning at age twenty.