Updated Fluoride Informatino For Infants

By Micheal Gazori, DDS

Community water fluoridation has been the single most effective public health measure to prevent tooth decay. However, intake above the optimal amounts in infants and young children may result in a condition called fluorosis whereby white streaks or spots on enamel are formed.

Recent studies cited in the report of the National Research Council, suggest infants may be receiving excessive fluoride through baby formula that has been mixed with water containing fluoride. Due to these studies the American Dental Association has issued the following interim guidance to reduce fluoride intake from reconstituted infant formula

Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the most complete form of nutrition for infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends human milk for all infants (except for the few for whom breastfeeding is determined to be harmful).

For infants who get most of their nutrition from formula during the first 12 months, ready-to-feed formula is preferred to help ensure that infants do not exceed the optimal amount of fluoride intake.

If liquid concentrate or powdered infant formula is the primary source of nutrition, it can be mixed with water that is fluoride free or contains low levels of fluoride to reduce the risk of fluorosis. Examples are water that is labeled purified, demineralized, deionized, distilled or reverse osmosis filtered water. Many grocery stores sell these types of drinking water for less than $1 per gallon. The occasional use of water containing optimal levels of fluoride should not appreciably increase a childs risk for fluorosis.

Fluoride supplements should not be given to infants less than six months old. Fluoride toothpaste should not be used in children less than two years old and its use should be monitored in children who have not mastered spitting out. In excessive doses, fluoride is toxic and should be kept out of reach of children who may swallow or eat excessive amounts. Fluoride rinses should not be used in children less than six years old unless advised by the childs dentist.

Fluoride can occur naturally and may be present in higher than recommended levels in community water sources or wells. People living in these areas are urged to have their water tested* and to use alternative water sources if their levels of fluoride are above optimal levels.

* Water can be tested by the Loudoun County Health Department for $25. Parents who are unsure about the levels of fluoride in their water should call (703) 777-0234 to inquire.