Tongue-Tie, Swallowing Patterns, and Upper Jaw Development

By Ali Y. Ghatri, DDS

Let's Smile Dental

. https://www.letssmile.com

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Tongue-Tie, Swallowing Patterns, and Upper Jaw Development

Tongue-tie, clinically known as ankyloglossia, is a condition in which the lingual frenulum—the band of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth—is unusually short, thick, or tight. While tongue-tie is often discussed in relation to breastfeeding difficulties in infants, its impact extends well beyond early feeding. In children and adults, tongue-tie can significantly affect swallowing patterns, oral posture, and the proper development of the upper jaw.

Normal oral development depends heavily on correct tongue function. At rest, the tongue should rest gently against the roof of the mouth (the palate). During a mature swallow, the tongue presses upward and backward against the palate while the lips remain relaxed and the teeth lightly together. This repeated, gentle pressure from the tongue plays a crucial role in shaping the upper jaw as a child grows.

When a tongue-tie restricts tongue movement, the tongue often cannot elevate properly to the palate. As a result, individuals may develop an abnormal swallowing pattern, commonly called a tongue-thrust swallow. In this pattern, the tongue pushes forward or downward instead of upward. Over time, this altered muscle function can interfere with normal facial and dental development.

One of the most significant consequences of restricted tongue movement is inadequate stimulation of the upper jaw. Without consistent tongue pressure against the palate, the maxilla (upper jaw) may fail to widen and develop fully. This can lead to a narrow palate, high palatal vault, dental crowding, and bite problems such as crossbites or open bites. A narrow upper jaw may also reduce nasal airway space, potentially contributing to mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing.

The effects of tongue-tie are often subtle and progressive. Children may present with crowded teeth, speech difficulties, messy eating, or prolonged thumb-sucking habits. In adolescents and adults, tongue-tie can contribute to orthodontic relapse, jaw tension, headaches, or difficulty maintaining proper oral posture—even after braces.

Early identification is key. A comprehensive evaluation by a dental professional trained to assess tongue function—not just tongue appearance—is essential. In many cases, treatment involves a team approach. A frenectomy (release of the tongue-tie) may be recommended, often combined with myofunctional therapy to retrain proper swallowing and tongue posture. This combination supports healthier jaw development and more stable orthodontic outcomes.

Understanding the relationship between tongue-tie, swallowing, and upper jaw growth allows patients and parents to address issues early—supporting not only better dental alignment, but improved breathing, function, and overall oral health.