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Behavioral Changes in Dementia: Causes, Symptoms and Ways to Manage

Dementia is not limited to just cognitive impairment; it goes beyond that, affecting an individual’s behavior. People suffering from this condition undergo various behavior changes, often making their lives a bit difficult. Whether it is anxiety or constant mood changes, dementia patients have to deal with significant behavioral changes as the illness progresses.
In this post, we will discuss the behavioral disturbances associated with dementia, their symptoms, underlying causes, and how this condition can be managed.
What Are Behavioral Changes in Dementia?
People suffering from dementia with behavioral disturbances experience significant changes in their behavior due to cognitive decline. These changes may include agitation, sleep disorders, mood changes, anxiety, irritation, etc.
As dementia progresses, these changes become more prominent, making it challenging for both the patient and caregiver. In the later stages of dementia, the patient may even experience hallucinations or delusions impacting their quality of life.
Common Behavioral Disturbances Caused by Dementia
Here are some common symptoms:
- Aggression
Dementia patients go through significant aggressive behaviors, either in verbal or physical form. Verbal aggression may include throwing insults or threats at other people. Physical aggression may cause them to bite, pinch, or throw items.
- Wandering
The habit of wandering is common among dementia patients, which might put them in dangerous situations like road accidents. People may not even remember where they are or how to return home.
- Sleep Disorders
They may experience fluctuations in their sleep patterns, such as waking in the middle of the night, daytime sleepiness, or napping. The sleep quality is reduced, making the person frustrated and anxious.
- Anxiety
People with dementia often feel anxious while adapting to a new environment or having a conversation. They might not be able to take new information or understand their surroundings.
- Hallucinations
This can be the most devastating symptom dementia patients show. Hallucinations cause them to see or hear things that do not exist, worsening their condition.
Causes of Behavioral Disturbances in Dementia
Behavioral disturbances in dementia are common. It can even significantly impact the quality of life of both caregivers and dementia patients. These changes arise due to a combination of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Below are the primary causes of behavioral disturbances:
Cognitive Decline
As dementia progresses, memory loss and difficulties in processing information often lead to frustration and confusion. Individuals may struggle to understand their surroundings or recognize familiar faces, which can trigger fear and anxiety. These cognitive challenges frequently manifest as outbursts or uncharacteristic behaviors.
Environmental Triggers
Sudden changes in surroundings, such as moving to a new home or rearranging furniture, can overwhelm individuals with dementia. Overstimulation from loud noises or crowded spaces can heighten their sense of agitation. Even small changes, like dim lighting or unfamiliar objects, can provoke distress or aggression.
Physical Discomfort
Physical issues such as pain, hunger, or fatigue often go unrecognized in people with dementia, as they may struggle to communicate their needs. Conditions like urinary tract infections or dehydration can also contribute to mood swings or irritability. Addressing physical health is crucial to minimizing behavioral disturbances.
Medication Side Effects
Certain medications prescribed for dementia or other conditions can have unintended side effects, such as increased confusion or agitation. Drug interactions or incorrect dosages may exacerbate these symptoms. Regular review of medications with a healthcare provider can help mitigate these risks.
Emotional Stress
Feelings of loneliness, isolation, or fear can significantly impact behavior in dementia patients. Misinterpreted social cues or a lack of understanding from caregivers may lead to paranoia or withdrawal. Creating a supportive and reassuring environment can help alleviate emotional distress.
Managing The Condition
- Supporting Social Interaction
Loneliness or isolation can trigger behavior changes. Therefore, as a caregiver or family member, you should try to encourage the person to engage in social gatherings. This will help them to manage and reduce the feeling of being lonely.
- Providing Professional Dementia Home Care
For individuals experiencing severe behavioral disturbances, professional dementia home care can be a valuable option. Skilled caregivers are trained to manage agitation, anxiety, and other behavioral symptoms, ensuring a safe and supportive environment. Home care services can also provide assistance with daily activities, medication management, and emotional support, improving the overall quality of life for both the patient and their family.
- Promoting Stability Through Routine
Making a structured routine for patients with behavioral disturbances can help them manage a good lifestyle and perform their daily tasks. This will also help them to reduce the risk of confusion and agitation.
- Creating a Calm Environment
A calm and soothing environment can help reduce stress and agitation in individuals with dementia. Use soft lighting, minimize noise, and maintain a peaceful atmosphere to provide security. Avoid sudden changes or cluttered spaces, which can increase confusion and trigger behavioral disturbances.
Conclusion
Overall, behavior changes alongside cognitive decline make it very challenging for the patients to deal with the illness. However, family members or caregivers can take the right approaches to help them tackle the challenges of behavioral disturbances and lead a quality life. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the symptoms and take the right steps to make your loved one’s life easier.
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