Women and Oral Health

By Jean-Claude Kharmouche, DMD

As a woman, your health needs are unique. At specific times in your life, you need to take extra care of your oral health.

Puberty

During puberty, an increased level of hormones causes increased blood circulation to the gums. This may cause an increase in the gum's sensitivity and lead to a greater reaction to any irritation, including food particles and plaque. The gums may become swollen, turn red and feel tender.

Menstruation

Occasionally, some women experience menstruation gingivitis. They may experience bleeding gums, bright red and swollen gums and sores on the inside of the cheek. Menstruation gingivitis typically occurs right before a woman's period and clears up once her period has started.

Pregnancy

Women may experience increased gingivitis or pregnancy gingivitis beginning in the second or third month of pregnancy that increases in severity through the eighth month. Studies have shown a relationship between periodontal disease and pre-term, low-birth-weight babies.

Women who use oral contraceptives may be susceptible to the same oral health conditions that affect pregnant women. Plus, medications sometimes used to help treat periodontal disease may lessen the effect of an oral contraceptive.

Menopause and Post-Menopause

Women who are menopausal or post-menopausal may notice discomfort in the mouth, including dry mouth, pain and burning sensations in the gum tissue and altered taste.

In addition, menopausal gingivo-stomatitis affects a small percentage of women. Gums that look dry or shiny and bleed easily and range from abnormally pale to deep red mark this condition. Most women find that estrogen supplements help to relieve these symptoms.

Bone loss is associated with both periodontal disease and osteoporosis. Women considering Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) to help fight osteoporosis should note that this may help protect their teeth as well as other parts of the body.

Steps to Protect Oral Health

Careful periodontal monitoring and excellent oral hygiene is especially important for women who may be noticing changes in their mouths during times of hormonal fluctuation. To help ensure good oral (and overall) health, be sure to

1. See a dental professional for cleaning at least twice a year.

See a periodontist in your area if you or your dentist notices problems with your gum tissue. Problems may include

Bleeding gums during brushing

Red, swollen or tender gums

Gums that have pulled away from the teeth

Persistent bad breath

Pus between the teeth and gums

Loose or separating teeth

A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite

A change in the fit of your dentures

2. Keep your dental professionals informed about any medications you are taking and any changes in your health history.

3. Brush and floss properly every day.