How Orthodontics and Periodontics Work Together for Lasting Oral Health

By Marc P. Stanard, DDS, PC

Orthodontics and periodontics are closely interrelated branches of dentistry, each playing a crucial role in maintaining oral health. While orthodontics focuses on the alignment of teeth and jaws, periodontics deals with the health of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, bone, and connective tissues. Together, they form an essential foundation for a healthy, functional, and aesthetically pleasing smile.

Orthodontic treatment often improves periodontal health by straightening teeth, making them easier to clean and reducing the risk of plaque buildup that can lead to gum disease. Crowded, crooked, or misaligned teeth create hard-to-reach areas where plaque can accumulate, which may ultimately cause inflammation and infection of the gums—a condition known as periodontal disease. By aligning the teeth properly, orthodontics helps eliminate these risk areas, allowing for better access during brushing and flossing and decreasing the likelihood of periodontal issues.

Conversely, periodontal health is essential for successful orthodontic treatment. Healthy gums and bone provide the stable support needed for teeth to move and realign. If periodontal disease is present during orthodontic treatment, it can lead to complications, including bone loss and the loosening of teeth, which can hinder the ability to achieve stable orthodontic results. For patients with existing gum disease, periodontic treatment is typically needed before starting orthodontic procedures to ensure a healthy foundation for tooth movement.

There are also unique considerations when orthodontic treatment is applied to patients with periodontal disease. Special care must be taken to avoid excessive force during tooth movement, as this can cause further bone loss or damage to the periodontal structures. Periodontists and orthodontists may collaborate closely in such cases, employing a more conservative approach with lighter forces and slower movement to ensure that the health of the gums and bone is not compromised during the alignment process.

Orthodontic appliances, such as braces or aligners, may cause minor irritation or inflammation in the gums, especially if they are not kept clean. However, proper oral hygiene and regular professional cleanings can significantly reduce this risk. Orthodontists often recommend periodontic check-ups during treatment to monitor gum health, as early detection of inflammation, occlusal trauma, or bone changes can prevent more serious periodontal issues.

In summary, orthodontics and periodontics support each other in achieving optimal oral health. Straight, well-aligned teeth foster a healthier periodontal environment, and a healthy periodontium is crucial for successful orthodontic outcomes. By working together, these specialties help patients achieve both functional and aesthetic benefits that last a lifetime.