Answers To Common Allergy Questions

By Srinagesh Paluvoi, MD

Allergy & Asthma Affiliates, Inc

More Allergy, Asthma & Infectious Disease Articles

Answers To Common Allergy Questions

What is an allergy?

One of the marvels of the human body is that it can defend itself against harmful invaders such as viruses or bacteria. In some people, the body reacts to harmless substances such as dust, mold or pollen by producing an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE).

When patients with one of the allergic diseases (such as rhinitis or asthma) are exposed to these substances, the immune system then rallies its defenses, launching a host of complex chemical weapons to attack and destroy the supposed enemy. In the process, some unpleasant and, in extreme cases, life-threatening symptoms may be experienced.

Hundreds or even thousands of ordinary substances can trigger allergic reactions. These are called “allergens.” Among the most common are plant pollens, molds, household dust (dust mites), animal dander, industrial chemicals, foods, medicines and insect stings.

An allergic reaction may occur anywhere in the body. Allergies can affect anyone.

What is the best method of testing for allergies?

A thorough health history and physical examination, and diagnostic tests, such as skin tests or blood tests, provide the information necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

Skin tests, in most situations, are preferable because (1) the results are available immediately, (2) they are less expensive and (3) they are more sensitive to subtle allergies.

A blood test is appropriate in certain situations, particularly when you (1) cannot suspend antihistamine therapy which can inhibit skin tests, (2) have widespread skin disease making skin testing difficult, (3) are so sensitive to the allergen that the test might be risky or (4) cannot be skin tested for some other reason.

What are allergy shots?

Allergy shots are an effective and safe treatment for people who suffer from a variety of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma and insect stings.

The treatment also known as immunotherapy or allergy immunization works by introducing small amounts of purified substances to which the person is allergic, in gradually increasing amounts. The allergy shots improve the patient's natural resistance to the allergens and minimize or eliminate the need for medications.

You should attempt to avoid the troublesome allergen before having allergy shots. For instance, cat allergy shots are no substitute for cat avoidance. Some allergens, though, such as grass pollen, are almost unavoidable.

Regularly scheduled, repeated exposure to small amounts of an allergen can lead to immunity. Irregular exposure to allergens can lead to the production of antibodies (called IgE-mediated antibodies). The presence of these antibodies, when exposed to an allergen, can lead to an allergic reaction.